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Mokhoa oa ho Kenyelletsa Phofo ea NAD+ Kemisong ea Hao ea Letsatsi le Letsatsi: Malebela le Maqheka

NAD+ e boetse e bitsoa coenzyme, 'me lebitso la eona le felletseng ke nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ke coenzyme ea bohlokoa potolohong ea asiti ea tricarboxylic. E khothalletsa metabolism ea tsoekere, mafura le li-amino acid, e nka karolo ho kopanngoeng ha matla, 'me e nka karolo liketsong tse likete sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Lintlha tse ngata tsa liteko li bonts'a hore NAD+ e ameha haholo mesebetsing e fapaneng ea 'mele ka har'a 'mele, ka hona e kenella mesebetsing ea bohlokoa ea cellular joalo ka metabolism ea matla, tokiso ea DNA, phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho ruruha, morethetho oa tlhaho le ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo.

Ho latela lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng, boemo ba NAD+ 'meleng oa motho bo tla fokotseha ka lilemo. Ho fokotseha ha maemo a NAD + ho ka lebisa ho theoheng ha methapo ea kutlo, tahlehelo ea pono, botenya, ho fokotseha ha tšebetso ea pelo le ho fokotseha ho hong ha ts'ebetso. Ka hona, mokhoa oa ho eketsa boemo ba NAD + 'meleng oa motho esale e le potso. Sehlooho se chesang sa lipatlisiso sechabeng sa biomedical.

Hobaneng NAD + e fokotseha?

Hobane, ha re ntse re tsofala, DNA tshenyo e eketseha. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tokiso ea DNA, tlhoko ea PARP1 ea eketseha, ts'ebetso ea SIRT e na le moeli, ts'ebeliso ea NAD + ea eketseha, mme palo ea NAD + ka tlhaho ea fokotseha.

'Mele ea rona e entsoe ka lisele tse ka bang libilione tse 37. Lisele li tlameha ho phethela "mosebetsi" o mongata kapa karabelo ea cellular - molemong oa ho iphelisa. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lisele tsa hau tse libilione tse 37 e itšetlehile ka NAD+ ho etsa mosebetsi oa eona o tsoelang pele.

Ha palo ea baahi ba lefatše e ntse e tsofala, mafu a amanang le botsofali a kang lefu la Alzheimer, lefu la pelo, mathata a manonyeletso, boroko le mathata a pelo le methapo e fetohile mafu a bohlokoa a sokelang bophelo ba batho.

Hobaneng re lokela ho tlatselletsa NAD +?

NAD+ maemo a fokotseha ho latela lilemo, ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyo tse tsoang lisampong tsa letlalo la motho:

Liphetho tsa litekanyo li bonts'a hore ha lilemo li ntse li eketseha, NAD + 'meleng oa motho e tla fokotseha butle-butle. Joale ke eng e bakang phokotseho ea NAD +?

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa ho fokotseha ha NAD+ ke: botsofali le tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea NAD+, e fellang ka ho fokotseha ha maemo a NAD+ lithong tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa sebete, mesifa ea masapo le boko. Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha, ho se sebetse ha mitochondrial, khatello ea oxidative le ho ruruha ho nahanoa hore li tlatsetsa mathateng a bophelo bo amanang le lilemo, ho theha potoloho e mpe.

1. NAD + e sebetsa e le coenzyme ho mitochondria ho khothalletsa ho leka-lekana ha metabolism, NAD + e phetha karolo e khethehileng ka ho khetheha lits'ebetsong tsa metabolic tse kang glycolysis, TCA cycle (aka Krebs cycle kapa citric acid cycle) le ketane ea lipalangoang tsa elektronike, ke kamoo lisele li fumanang matla kateng. Botsofali le lijo tse nang le khalori e ngata li fokotsa maemo a NAD + 'meleng.

Boithuto bo bonts'itse hore ho litoeba tsa khale, ho nka li-supplement tsa NAD + ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele kapa boima bo amanang le lilemo le matla a ho ikoetlisa a ntlafetseng. Ho feta moo, liphuputso li bile li fetotse litlamorao tsa lefu la tsoekere ho litoeba tsa basali, li bonts'a maano a macha a ho loants'a mafu a metabolism a kang botenya.

NAD+ e tlama li-enzyme ebe e fetisetsa lielektrone lipakeng tsa limolek'hule. Lielektrone ke motheo oa matla a cellular. NAD+ e sebetsa liseleng joalo ka ho tjhaja betri hape. Ha lielektrone li sebelisoa, betri ea shoa. Ka liseleng, NAD + e ka khothaletsa phetisetso ea elektronike le ho fana ka matla liseleng. Ka tsela ena, NAD + e ka fokotsa kapa ea eketsa ts'ebetso ea enzyme, ea khothaletsa polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le pontšo ea lisele.

NAD+ e thusa ho laola tšenyo ea DNA

Ha lintho tse phelang li ntse li tsofala, maemo a mabe a tikoloho a kang mahlaseli, tšilafalo le ho ikatisa ka tsela e sa nepahalang ea DNA a ka senya DNA. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea likhopolo tsa botsofali. Hoo e ka bang lisele tsohle li na le "mechine ea limolek'hule" ho lokisa tšenyo ena.

Tokiso ena e hloka NAD+ le matla, kahoo ts'enyehelo e feteletseng ea DNA e ja lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa cellular. Mosebetsi oa PARP, protheine ea bohlokoa ea ho lokisa DNA, e boetse e itšetlehile ka NAD +. Botsofali bo tloaelehileng bo baka tšenyo ea DNA 'meleng, RARP ea eketseha, ka hona, likhakanyo tsa NAD + lia fokotseha. Tšenyo ea DNA ea Mitochondrial mohatong ofe kapa ofe e tla mpefatsa ho fokotseha hona.

2. NAD + e ama mosebetsi oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa nako e telele Sirtuins le ho thibela botsofali.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa tsoa sibolloa tsa bophelo bo bolelele li-sirtuin, tse tsejoang hape e le "bahlokomeli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso," li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba lisele. Li-Sirtuin ke lelapa la li-enzyme tse amehang karabelong ea khatello ea cellular le ho lokisa tšenyo. Ba boetse ba ameha tlhahisong ea insulin, ts'ebetso ea botsofali, le maemo a bophelo a amanang le botsofali joalo ka mafu a neurodegenerative le lefu la tsoekere.

NAD+ ke mafura a thusang li-sirtuin ho boloka botšepehi ba genome le ho khothaletsa tokiso ea DNA. Joalo ka ha koloi e ke ke ea phela ntle le mafura, Sirtuins e hloka NAD + bakeng sa ts'ebetso. Liphetho tse tsoang lithutong tsa liphoofolo li bonts'a hore ho eketseha ha maemo a NAD+ 'meleng ho kenya tšebetsong liprotheine tsa sirtuin le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tomoso le litoeba.

NAD+ phofo 1

3.Tsebetso ea pelo

Ho phahamisa maemo a NAD + ho sireletsa pelo le ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea pelo. Khatello e phahameng ea mali e ka baka ho hola ha pelo le methapo e koalehileng, e leng se ka lebisang ho stroke. Kamora ho tlatsa boemo ba NAD+ ka pelong ka li-supplement tsa NAD+, ts'enyo ea pelo e bakiloeng ke ho khutlisa mali e ea thibeloa. Liphuputso tse ling li bonts'itse hore li-supplement tsa NAD + le tsona li sireletsa litoeba ho atolosong e sa tloaelehang ea pelo.

4. Neurodegeneration

Ho litoeba tse nang le lefu la Alzheimer, ho eketseha ha maemo a NAD+ ho ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea kelello ka ho fokotsa ho bokellana ha liprotheine tse sitisang puisano ea boko. Ho phahamisa maemo a NAD+ ho boetse ho sireletsa lisele tsa boko hore li se ke tsa shoa ha ho se na mali a lekaneng a phallelang bokong. NAD + e bonahala e na le ts'episo e ncha ea ho sireletsa khahlanong le neurodegeneration le ho ntlafatsa mohopolo.

5. Tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung

Ha re ntse re tsofala, sesole sa rona sea fokotseha 'me re hlaseloa habonolo ke mafu. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li fana ka maikutlo a hore maemo a NAD+ a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola likarabo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung le ho ruruha le ho phela ha lisele nakong ea botsofali. Boithuto bona bo totobatsa bokhoni ba kalafo ba NAD + bakeng sa ho se sebetse hantle ha 'mele.

6. Laola metabolism

Loana le tšenyo ea oxidative

NAD + e ka thusa ho liehisa botsofali ka ho thibela karabelo ea ho ruruha, ho laola redox homeostasis ea 'mele, ho sireletsa lisele ho tsoa tšenyong, ho boloka mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea metabolic.

7. Thusa ho hatella lihlahala

NAD+ e ka boela ea thibela le ho phekola leukopenia e bakoang ke radiotherapy le chemotherapy, ea ntlafatsa khanyetso ea lithethefatsi e bakoang ke tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea li-antibodies tsa PD-1/PD-L1, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lisele tsa T le bokhoni ba ho bolaea hlahala.

8. Ntlafatsa tšebetso ea mae a bomme

Boemo ba NAD+ mae a bomme a basali bo fokotseha ka mokhoa o itšetlehileng ka lilemo. Ho eketsa litaba tsa NAD + ho kantlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mitochondrial ea mae a bomme,fokotsa maemo a mefuta ea oksijene e sebetsang ho li-oocyte tse tsofetseng, le ho liehisa botsofali ba mahe a bomme.

9. Ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko

NAD+ e ka ntlafatsa ho se leka-lekane ha morethetho oa circadian, ea ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko, le ho khothaletsa boroko ka ho laola oache ea tlhaho.

Ho tsofala ha letlalo ho ama 'mele oohle joang?

Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa 'mele ha li be teng ka botsona. Likamano le likamano pakeng tsa bona li haufi haholo ho feta kamoo re nahanang kateng. Lintho tse hlahisoang ke sele li ka isoa sebakeng leha e le sefe 'meleng hang-hang; Boitsebiso ba neurotransmitter bo fetisoa ka potlako joaloka lehalima. Letlalo la rona, joalo ka mokoallo oa 'mele oohle, ke moleng o ka pele oa lebala la ntoa 'me le hlaseloa habonolo ke likotsi tse fapaneng. Ha likotsi tsena li ke ke tsa lokisoa, ho tla latela mathata a sa tšoaneng a kang botsofali.

Ntlha ea pele, ho tsofala ha letlalo ho tsamaisana le letoto la liphetoho likarolong tsa lisele le limolek'hule, tse ka fetisetsoang ho lisele tse ling kapa litho tse ling ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.

Ka mohlala, khafetsa ea lisele tsa p16-positive (letšoao la botsofali) letlalong le amana hantle le matšoao a botsofali a lisele tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung, ho bolelang hore lilemo tsa tlhaho tsa letlalo li ka bolela esale pele botsofali ba' mele ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Ntle le moo, phuputso e fumane hore microbiota ea letlalo e khona ho bolela esale pele ka tatellano ea liketsahalo, ho tiisa hape kamano e haufi lipakeng tsa letlalo le botsofali ba tsamaiso.

Lingoliloeng tse fetileng li tlalehile hore botsofali har'a litho tse fapaneng tsa 'mele ke asynchronous,' me letlalo e ka 'na ea e-ba setho sa pele se bontšang matšoao a botsofali. Ho itšetlehile ka kamano e haufi pakeng tsa ho tsofala ha letlalo le litho tse ling tsa ’mele, batho ba na le lebaka la ho belaela ka sebete hore ho tsofala ha letlalo ho ka ’na ha baka botsofali ba ’mele oohle.

Botsofali ba letlalo bo ka ama boko ka tsamaiso ea endocrine

Ho tsofala ha letlalo ho ka ama 'mele oohle ka axis ea hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). Letlalo ha se tšitiso feela, le boetse le na le mesebetsi ea neuroendocrine mme le ka arabela ts'ebetsong ea tikoloho le ho hlahisa lihomone, li-neuropeptides le lintho tse ling.

Ka mohlala, mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi a ka etsa hore lisele tsa letlalo li lokolle mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihomone le li-mediators tsa ho ruruha, tse kang cortisol le cytokines. Lintho tsena li ka kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea HPA letlalong. Ts'ebetso ea axis ea HPA e etsa hore hypothalamus e lokolle corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Sena le sona se etsa hore tšoelesa ea anterior pituitary e hlahise homone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), eo qetellong e susumetsang litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho ntša lihomone tsa khatello tse kang cortisol. Cortisol e ka ama likarolo tse ngata tsa boko, ho kenyelletsa le hippocampus. Ho pepeseha ha cortisol ka nako e telele kapa ho feteletseng ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo hampe le polasetiki ka har'a hippocampus. Sena le sona se ama tšebetso ea hippocampus le karabelo ea kelello ea kelello.

Puisano ena ea letlalo ho ea bokong e paka hore ts'ebetso ea botsofali e ka bakoa ke maemo a tikoloho, a bakang karabelo ea letlalo pele ebe e ama boko ka axis ea HPA, e lebisang mathateng a tsamaiso a kang ho fokotseha ha kelello le kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo.

Lisele tsa letlalo la letlalo li hlahisa SASP le ho etsa hore ho ruruha ho tsamaise botsofali le mafu a amanang le botsofali

Ho tsofala ha letlalo ho ka boela ha ama 'mele oohle ka ho khothalletsa ho ruruha le ho itšireletsa mafung. Lisele tse tsofetseng tsa letlalo li hlahisa ntho e bitsoang "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), e kenyelletsang mefuta e fapaneng ea li-cytokine le matrix metalloproteinase. SASP e feto-fetoha le maemo. E ka hanela maemo a ka ntle a kotsi liseleng tse tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, ha mesebetsi ea 'mele e ntse e fokotseha, secretion e kholo ea SASP e ka baka ho ruruha' meleng le ho baka ho se sebetse ha lisele tsa boahelani, ho kenyeletsoa lisele tsa 'mele le lisele tsa endothelial. Boemo bona ba ho ruruha ha boemo bo tlaase ho nahanoa hore ke mokhanni oa bohlokoa oa mafu a mangata a amanang le lilemo.

NAD+ phofo 5

Kamano lipakeng tsa NAD+ le botsofali

Li-coenzymes li kenya letsoho metabolism ea lintho tsa bohlokoa tse kang tsoekere, mafura le protheine 'meleng oa motho,' me li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola 'mele oa' mele le metabolism ea matla le ho boloka mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea 'mele.NAD ke coenzyme ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa 'meleng oa motho, eo hape e bitsoang coenzyme I. E kenya letsoho liketsong tse likete tsa redox enzymatic 'meleng oa motho. Ke ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa metabolism ea sele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. E na le mesebetsi e mengata, mesebetsi ea mantlha ke:

1. Khothaletsa tlhahiso ea bioenergy

NAD+ e hlahisa ATP ka phefumoloho ea selefouno, e tlatsetsang ka kotloloho matla a lisele le ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea lisele;

2. Lokisa liphatsa tsa lefutso

NAD+ ke eona feela substrate bakeng sa enzyme ea tokiso ea DNA PARP. Mofuta ona oa enzyme o kenya letsoho tokisong ea DNA, o thusa ho lokisa DNA le lisele tse senyehileng, o fokotsa monyetla oa phetoho ea lisele, hape o thibela ho hlaha ha mofetše;

3. Kenya liprotheine tsohle tsa bophelo bo bolelele

NAD+ e ka kenya tšebetsong liprotheine tsohle tse 7 tsa bophelo bo bolelele, kahoo NAD+ e na le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ho thibela botsofali le ho lelefatsa bophelo;

4. Matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele

NAD + e matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele le ho ntlafatsa sesole sa 'mele ka ho ama bophelo le ts'ebetso ea lisele tsa T tse laolang.

Haholo-holo, botsofali bo tsamaisana le ho fokotseha ho tsoelang pele ha lisele le lisele tsa NAD+ ka har'a mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse phelang, ho kenyeletsoa litoeba le batho. Maemo a fokotsehang a NAD + a amana le mafu a mangata a amanang le botsofali, ho kenyelletsa le ho fokotseha ha kelello, mofetše, lefu la metabolic, sarcopenia le bofokoli.

NAD+ phofo 2

Nka tlatsetsa joang NAD+ letsatsi le letsatsi?

Ha ho na phepelo e sa feleng ea NAD + 'meleng ea rona. Litaba le ts'ebetso ea NAD + 'meleng oa motho e tla fokotseha ka lilemo,' me e tla fokotseha ka potlako kamora lilemo tse 30, e leng se bakang botsofali ba lisele, apoptosis le tahlehelo ea bokhoni ba ho nchafatsa. .

Ho feta moo, phokotso ea NAD + le eona e tla baka letoto la mathata a bophelo bo botle, kahoo haeba NAD + e ke ke ea tlatsoa ka nako, liphello li ka nahanoa.

Tlatsetso e tsoang lijong

Lijo tse kang k'habeche, broccoli, avocado, steak, li-mushroom le edamame li na le li-precursors tsa NAD+, tse ka fetoloang NAD * e sebetsang 'meleng ka mor'a ho monya.

Thibela lijo le lik'halori

Thibelo ea khalori e itekanetseng e ka kenya tšebetsong litsela tse utloang matla ka har'a lisele 'me ka tsela e sa tobang ea eketsa maemo a NAD*. Empa etsa bonnete ba hore u ja lijo tse leka-lekaneng ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa 'mele oa hau

Tsoela pele ho sisinyeha le ho ikoetlisa

Boikoetliso ba aerobic bo itekanetseng bo kang ho matha le ho sesa ho ka eketsa maemo a NAD+ a intracellular, ho thusa ho eketsa phepelo ea oksijene 'meleng le ho ntlafatsa metabolism ea matla.

NAD + Phofo

Latela mekhoa e metle ea ho robala

Nakong ea boroko, 'mele oa motho o etsa mekhoa e mengata ea bohlokoa ea metabolism le ho lokisa, ho akarelletsa le tlhahiso ea NAD* .Ho robala ka ho lekaneng ho thusa ho boloka maemo a tloaelehileng a NAD*

05 Tlatselletsa lintho tse tlang pele tsa NAD+

Batho ba latelang ha ba khone ho fumana phekolo

Batho ba nang le ts'ebetso e tlase ea liphio, ba nang le dialysis, bakuli ba lefu la sethoathoa, bakhachane, basali ba anyesang, bana, ba ntseng ba alafshoa mofets'e hajoale, ba noang litlhare, le ba nang le nalane ea lintho tse kulisoang, ka kopo ikopanye le ngaka e ba etelang.

P: Li-supplement tsa NAD + li sebelisetsoa eng?
A: tlatsetso ea NAD+ ke tlatsetso ea phepo e nepahetseng e tlatsetsang coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD+ e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho metabolism ea matla le tokiso ea lisele ka har'a lisele.
P: Na li-supplement tsa NAD + li hlile lia sebetsa?
A: Lipatlisiso tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-supplement tsa NAD + li ka thusa ho ntlafatsa metabolism ea matla a cellular le ho liehisa ts'ebetso ea botsofali.
P: Mehloli ea lijo ea NAD + ke efe?
A: Mehloli ea lijo ea NAD+ e kenyelletsa nama, tlhapi, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, linaoa, linate le meroho. Lijo tsena li na le niacinamide le niacin e ngata, tse ka fetoloang NAD + 'meleng.
P: Nka khetha tlatsetso ea NAD + joang?
A: Ha u khetha li-supplement tsa NAD +, ho khothalletsoa hore u qale ho batla keletso ho ngaka kapa setsebi sa phepo e nepahetseng ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa hau tsa phepo le boemo ba bophelo bo botle. Ho feta moo, khetha mofuta o nang le botumo bo botle, hlahloba metsoako ea sehlahisoa le litekanyetso, 'me u latele tataiso ea litekanyetso ho kenyelletsong ea sehlahisoa.

Boitlhotlhollo: Sengoloa sena ke sa tlhaiso-leseling e akaretsang feela 'me ha ea lokela ho nkuoa e le keletso efe kapa efe ea bongaka. Tse ling tsa litaba tsa poso ea blog li tsoa Marang-rang mme ha se setsebi. Sebaka sena sa marang-rang se na le boikarabello ba ho hlophisa, ho hlophisa le ho hlophisa lingoliloeng. Sepheo sa ho fetisa boitsebiso bo bongata ha se bolele hore u lumellana le maikutlo a eona kapa u tiisa bonnete ba litaba tsa eona. Kamehla buisana le setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele u sebelisa li-supplement leha e le life kapa u etsa liphetoho tsamaisong ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo.


Nako ea poso: Aug-06-2024