Dopamine ke neurotransmitter e khahlang e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa meputsong ea boko le litsing tsa menyaka. Hangata e bitsoa k'hemik'hale ea "ho ikutloa hantle", e ikarabella bakeng sa mekhoa e fapaneng ea 'mele le ea kelello e susumetsang maikutlo a rona ka kakaretso, tšusumetso, esita le boitšoaro bo hlephileng.
Dopamine, eo hangata e bitsoang "ikutloa hamonate" neurotransmitter, e qalile ho fumanoa lilemong tsa bo-1950 ke rasaense oa Sweden Arvid Carlsson. E khetholloa e le monoamine neurotransmitter, e bolelang hore ke lenģosa la lik'hemik'hale le tsamaisang melaetsa pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. Dopamine e hlahisoa libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko, ho kenyelletsa le substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, le hypothalamus ea boko.
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa dopamine ke ho fetisa matšoao lipakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo le ho susumetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele. Ho nahanoa hore e laola motsamao, likarabo tsa maikutlo, tšusumetso, le maikutlo a thabo le moputso. Dopamine e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa kelello tse kang ho ithuta, mohopolo le tlhokomelo.
Ha dopamine e lokolloa litseleng tsa moputso oa boko, e hlahisa maikutlo a thabo kapa khotsofalo.
Nakong ea menyaka le meputso, re hlahisa palo e kholo ea dopamine, 'me ha maemo a le tlase haholo, re ikutloa re sa khothaletse ebile re se na thuso.
Ho feta moo, tsamaiso ea boko ea moputso e hokahane haufi-ufi le dopamine. Karolo ea li-neurotransmitters ke ho khothaletsa maikutlo a thabo le matlafatso, ka hona ho hlahisa khothatso. Ho re qobella ho fihlela lipheo tsa rona le ho batla meputso.
Dopamine e hlahisoa libakeng tse ngata tsa boko, ho kenyelletsa le sebaka sa substantia nigra le ventral tegmental. Libaka tsena li sebetsa joalo ka lifeme tsa dopamine, tse hlahisang le ho lokolla neurotransmitter ena likarolong tse fapaneng tsa boko. Hang ha e lokolloa, dopamine e tlama ho li-receptor tse itseng (tse bitsoang dopamine receptors) tse ka holim'a sele e amohelang.
Ho na le mefuta e mehlano ea li-receptor tsa dopamine, tse ngotsoeng D1 ho ea ho D5. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa li-receptor o sebakeng se fapaneng sa boko, ho lumella dopamine ho ba le litlamorao tse fapaneng. Ha dopamine e tlamella ho receptor, e thabisa kapa e thibela mosebetsi oa sele e amohelang, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa receptor eo e khomaretsoeng ho eona.
Dopamine e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laola motsamao tseleng ea nigrostriatal. Tseleng ena, dopamine e thusa ho laola le ho hokahanya tšebetso ea mesifa.
Ka prefrontal cortex, dopamine e thusa ho laola mohopolo o sebetsang, o re lumellang ho tšoara le ho laola tlhahisoleseling likelellong tsa rona. E boetse e phetha karolo ea tlhokomelo le mekhoa ea ho etsa liqeto. Ho se leka-lekane ha maemo a dopamine ka har'a prefrontal cortex ho hokahane le maemo a kang attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) le schizophrenia.
Ho lokolloa le taolo ea dopamine e laoloa ka thata ke boko ho boloka botsitso le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng. Sistimi e rarahaneng ea mekhoa ea maikutlo, e kenyelletsang li-neurotransmitters tse ling le libaka tsa boko, e laola maemo a dopamine.
Dopamine ke lenģosa la lik'hemik'hale, kapa neurotransmitter, bokong le tsamaisang melaetsa pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. E phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing e fapaneng ea boko, ho kenyelletsa le ho laola motsamao, maikutlo le likarabo tsa maikutlo, e leng se etsang hore e be karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho se leka-lekane maemong a dopamine ho ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
●Patlisiso e bonts'a hore batho ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo ba kanna ba ba le maemo a tlase a dopamine libakeng tse ling tsa boko, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseng tšusumetso le thabo mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi.
●Maemo a dopamine a sa leka-lekaneng a ka baka mathata a ho tšoenyeha. Keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea dopamine libakeng tse ling tsa boko e ka baka matšoenyeho a eketsehileng le ho hloka botsitso.
●Ts'ebetso e feteletseng ea dopamine libakeng tse itseng tsa boko ho nahanoa hore e tlatselletsa matšoao a schizophrenia, joalo ka lipono le mehopolo.
●Lithethefatsi le boitšoaro bo hlephileng hangata li eketsa maemo a dopamine bokong, e leng se bakang maikutlo a thabo le a putsang. Ha nako e ntse e ea, boko bo itšetleha ka lintho tsena kapa boits'oaro ho lokolla dopamine, ho theha potoloho ea bokhoba.
P: Na meriana e ka sebelisoa ho laola maemo a dopamine?
A: E, meriana e itseng, e kang dopamine agonists kapa dopamine reuptake inhibitors, e sebelisetsoa ho phekola maemo a amanang le dopamine dysregulation. Meriana ena e ka thusa ho khutlisetsa botsitso ba dopamine bokong le ho fokotsa matšoao a amanang le maemo a kang lefu la Parkinson kapa khatello ea maikutlo.
P: Motho a ka boloka teka-tekano ea dopamine e phetseng hantle joang?
A: Ho boloka bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa boikoetliso ba kamehla, lijo tse matlafatsang, boroko bo lekaneng, le taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo, ho ka kenya letsoho taolong e nepahetseng ea dopamine. Ho etsa mesebetsi e monate, ho ipehela lipakane tse ka finyelloang, le ho itloaetsa ho ba le kelello ho ka boela ha thusa ho boloka botsitso ba dopamine.
Boitlhotlhollo: Sengoliloeng sena ke sa merero ea tlhahisoleseling feela mme ha sea lokela ho nkuoa e le keletso ea bongaka. Kamehla buisana le setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele u sebelisa li-supplement kapa ho fetola mokhoa oa hau oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Nako ea poso: Sep-15-2023
