Dopamine ke neurotransmitter e khahlang e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa litsing tsa meputso le menyaka tsa boko. Hangata e bitsoa k'hemik'hale ea "maikutlo a monate", e ikarabella bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tsa 'mele le tsa kelello tse susumetsang maikutlo a rona ka kakaretso, khothatso, esita le boitšoaro bo lemalloang.
Dopamine, eo hangata e bitsoang neurotransmitter ea "ikutloa hantle", e ile ea fumanoa ka lekhetlo la pele lilemong tsa bo-1950 ke rasaense oa Sweden Arvid Carlsson. E arotsoe ka sehlopha sa neurotransmitter ea monoamine, ho bolelang hore ke lenģosa la lik'hemik'hale le tsamaisang matšoao pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. Dopamine e hlahisoa libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko, ho kenyeletsoa le substantia nigra, sebaka sa ventral tegmental, le hypothalamus ea boko.
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa dopamine ke ho fetisa matšoao pakeng tsa li-neuron le ho susumetsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele. Ho nahanoa hore e laola motsamao, likarabo tsa maikutlo, khothatso le maikutlo a monyaka le moputso. Dopamine e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa kelello tse kang ho ithuta, ho hopola le ho ela hloko.
Ha dopamine e lokolloa litseleng tsa moputso oa boko, e hlahisa maikutlo a thabo kapa khotsofalo.
Nakong ea monyaka le moputso, re hlahisa dopamine e ngata, 'me ha maemo a le tlase haholo, re ikutloa re sa khothatsehe ebile re se na thuso.
Ho phaella moo, tsamaiso ea meputso ea boko e amana haufi-ufi le dopamine. Karolo ea li-neurotransmitters ke ho khothalletsa maikutlo a thabo le matlafatso, ka hona ho hlahisa khothatso. Ho re sutumelletsa ho fihlela lipheo tsa rona le ho batla meputso.
Dopamine e hlahisoa libakeng tse ngata tsa boko, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka sa substantia nigra le ventral tegmental. Libaka tsena li sebetsa e le lifektheri tsa dopamine, li hlahisa le ho lokolla neurotransmitter ena likarolong tse fapaneng tsa boko. Hang ha e lokollotsoe, dopamine e tlama ho li-receptor tse itseng (tse bitsoang li-receptor tsa dopamine) tse fumanehang holim'a sele e amohelang.
Ho na le mefuta e mehlano ea li-receptor tsa dopamine, tse ngotsoeng D1 ho isa ho D5. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa li-receptor o sebakeng se fapaneng sa boko, e leng se lumellang dopamine ho ba le litlamorao tse fapaneng. Ha dopamine e tlama ho receptor, e tsosa kapa e thibela ts'ebetso ea sele e amohelang, ho latela mofuta oa receptor eo e khomaretsoeng ho eona.
Dopamine e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng motsamao tseleng ea nigrostriatal. Tseleng ena, dopamine e thusa ho laola le ho hokahanya ts'ebetso ea mesifa.
Ka har'a prefrontal cortex, dopamine e thusa ho laola mohopolo o sebetsang, e re lumella ho tšoara le ho laola tlhahisoleseling likelellong tsa rona. E boetse e bapala karolo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhokomelo le ho etsa liqeto. Ho se leka-lekane maemong a dopamine ka har'a prefrontal cortex ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le maemo a kang a attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) le schizophrenia.
Ho lokolloa le ho laoloa ha dopamine ho laoloa ka thata ke boko ho boloka botsitso le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng. Tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea mekhoa ea ho fana ka maikutlo, e kenyeletsang li-neurotransmitter tse ling le libaka tsa boko, e laola maemo a dopamine.
Dopamine ke lenģosa la lik'hemik'hale, kapa neurotransmitter, bokong le tsamaisang matšoao pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing e fapaneng ea boko, ho kenyeletsoa ho laola motsamao, maikutlo le likarabo tsa maikutlo, e leng se etsang hore e be karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba rona ba kelello. Leha ho le joalo, ho se leka-lekane maemong a dopamine ho ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo ba kelello.
●Lipatlisiso li bontša hore batho ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo ba ka 'na ba ba le maemo a tlaase a dopamine libakeng tse itseng tsa boko, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseng khothatso le thabo mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi.
●Maemo a dopamine a sa leka-lekanang a ka lebisa mathateng a ho tšoenyeha. Keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea dopamine libakeng tse ling tsa boko e ka lebisa ho eketsehileng ha matšoenyeho le ho se phomole.
●Ho nahanoa hore tšebetso e feteletseng ea dopamine libakeng tse itseng tsa boko e tlatsetsa matšoao a schizophrenia, joalo ka lipono tse fosahetseng le ho ithetsa.
●Lithethefatsi le mekhoa ea bokhoba hangata li eketsa maemo a dopamine bokong, e leng se bakang maikutlo a thabo le a putsang. Ha nako e ntse e ea, boko bo itšetleha ka lintho tsena kapa mekhoa ea bona ho lokolla dopamine, e leng se bakang potoloho ea bokhoba.
P: Na meriana e ka sebelisoa ho laola maemo a dopamine?
K: E, meriana e itseng, e kang li-dopamine agonists kapa li-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, li sebelisetsoa ho phekola maemo a amanang le ho se sebetse hantle ha dopamine. Meriana ena e ka thusa ho tsosolosa botsitso ba dopamine bokong le ho fokotsa matšoao a amanang le maemo a kang lefu la Parkinson kapa khatello ea maikutlo.
P: Motho a ka boloka botsitso bo botle ba dopamine joang?
K: Ho boloka mokhoa oa bophelo o phetseng hantle, ho kenyeletsoa boikoetliso ba kamehla, lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng, boroko bo lekaneng le taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo, ho ka kenya letsoho taolong e ntle ea dopamine. Ho kopanela mesebetsing e monate, ho beha lipakane tse ka finyelloang, le ho itloaetsa ho ela hloko le hona ho ka thusa ho boloka botsitso bo botle ba dopamine.
Tlhokomeliso: Sengoloa sena ke sa merero ea tlhahisoleseling feela 'me ha sea lokela ho nkoa e le keletso ea bongaka. Kamehla buisana le setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele u sebelisa li-supplement kapa u fetola mokhoa oa hau oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-15-2023
